To date, more than 4000 exoplanets (planets orbiting around other stars) have been confirmed. These planets belong to different groups depending on their properties. Some of these families, such as gaseous giants or rocky planets, are present in our Solar System, while others, such as super-Earths and Hot Jupiters, are missing. Besides, there are strong indications that the properties of
There is no static star in the Universe. Stars move around the center of their galaxy, or they move together with other stars born from the same parental cloud, or they orbit around other stars in binary or multiple systems. Besides, stars with planets can oscillate in our sky while they orbit around the center of mass in common with
Il Sole è caratterizzato da un’intensa attività magnetica che produce fenomeni transienti come i brillamenti, le espulsioni di massa coronali, le macchie solari, le protuberanze, etc… In particolare, le espulsioni di massa coronali (CME, coronal mass ejection) sono i fenomeni di origine magnetica più energetici che osserviamo sul Sole. Le CME consistono in improvvise espulsioni di plasma altamente ionizzato dalla
The stellar magnetic activity can produce an important emission of energetic X-ray and UV radiation. This emission is typically variable, both because the magnetic activity changes over short time scales, and because it decreases during stellar evolution. For instance, solar-type stars in the pre-main sequence phase (i.e. younger than 30 million years) are thousand times brighter in X-rays than main
To date, about 4000 exoplanets (planets orbiting around other stars) have been confirmed. Stars hosting planets and sub-stellar companions span a wide range of stellar parameters and even evolutionary phases. For this reason, several studies have been focused on the connection between stellar parameters and the possibility to host planets or sub-stellar companions such as brown dwarfs. In particular,
Despite a significant fraction of stars form in stellar clusters counting hundreds to thousands of members, almost all the stars we observe today in the Milky Way is not associated to any stellar cluster. This occurs because newborn stellar clusters are typically dispersed in a few million of years by several intervening processes, such as the gravitational interaction among cluster
T Tauri stars are young (typically younger than 10 million years) stars surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, which is a disk of gas and dust orbiting around the star and that eventually can evolve in planetary systems. Despite these stars have already accreted most of their mass, they can still accrete some mass from their protoplanetary disks. The accretion process
Stellar X-ray emission arises from their corona, which is the outer part of stellar atmosphere with low-density high-temperature (up to million degrees) plasma. Even if we lack a fully understanding of the details, we know that the intensity of stellar X-ray emission depends on the intensity and the morphology of stellar magnetic field. The interior of stars of FGK
Stars form from the gravitational contraction of large gas clouds. This process may occur in two different modes: It may be fast, with a characteristic timescale dictated by the free fall of gas onto the forming stars, or it may be slow, sustained by turbulence and magnetic field. In the former case stars form over a short period, while in
